1. Liquid enters the suction port between the large exterior gear and small interior gear teeth. The arrows indicate the direction of the liquid and pump.
2. Liquid travels through the pump between the teeth of the "gear-within-a-gear" principle. The semicircular shape divides the liquid and acts as a seal between the discharge and suction ports.
3. The pump head is now nearly flooded, just prior to forcing the liquid out of the discharge port. Intermeshing gears of the idler and rotor form locked pockets for the liquid which assures volume control.
4. Rotor and idler teeth interlock completely to form a seal equidistant from the discharge and suction ports. This seal forces the liquid out of the discharge port.
Please see this article at https://pyebarker.com/viking-internal-gear-pumps/
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